Thursday, 4 June 2026

5-The Boilers Act, 1923
6-Boiler Attendant reference books by Mr.Joshi
7-OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF STEAM BOILERS By Biju Patnaik
8-A Guide to Boiler Operation Engineering - For BOE/ 1st Class and 2nd Class Boiler Attendants' Proficiency Examination by Kiran Kumar Patra
9-Hand Book on Boiler Operation Engineers | Steam Boilers Guide | H Kumar Jain Amit Agrawal in Hindi version

10-Practical Approach to Power Plant Operation and Maintenance : Based on Professional Field Experience

11-Boiler Operator's Handbook, Second Edition by Kennelth Hesselton

Read>>>>Boiler and Turbine hub

Sunday, 19 April 2026

Heat loss due to dry flue gas in Boilers-Online calculator

What do you mean by dry flue gas loss in Boilers?

Dry flue gas heat loss refers to the energy carried away by exhaust gases (excluding moisture content) leaving the boiler stack.

What are the gases associated with dry flue gas?

Gases mainly consist of nitrogen (N₂), Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Oxygen (O₂), and traces of other gases.

On what factors dry flue gas loss depends?

Dry flue gas loss in Boilers is mainly depends on;

Flue gas temperature

Flue gas quantity

Excess air

Moisture in the fuel

Efficiency of Economiser and Air pre-heaters

What is the significance of calculating heat loss due to dry flue gas in Boilers?

In most industrial boilers, dry flue gas loss can account for 5% to 15% of total heat loss, making it the largest single loss component.

Calculating heat loss due to dry flue gas in Boilers is utmost important because;

Indicates Boiler Efficiency

Dry flue gas carries a significant amount of heat energy out of the boiler stack. By calculating this loss, you can determine how much heat is not being utilized for steam generation.

Helps Reduce Fuel Consumption

When flue gas heat loss is high, it means fuel energy is being wasted.

Identifying this loss allows operators to:

Optimize combustion

Adjust excess air levels

Improve burner performance

Optimizes Flue Gas Temperature

Stack temperature directly affects dry flue gas loss.

High stack temperature = More heat loss

Proper control ensures:

Maximum heat transfer in boiler

Minimal energy escaping through chimney

Improves Combustion Efficiency

Dry flue gas loss depends on:

Excess air supplied

Fuel composition (carbon, hydrogen, etc.)

Flue gas temperature

By analysing this loss, you can:

Maintain ideal air-fuel ratio

Avoid incomplete combustion

Prevent energy wastage

Reduces Environmental Impact

Lower heat loss means:

Less fuel burned
Reduced emissions (CO₂, NOx)

Calculating heat loss due to dry flue gas is crucial because it:

Directly reflects boiler efficiency
Helps save fuel and cost
Enables better combustion control
Supports energy conservation and environmental compliance

Heat loss due to dry flue is calculates as below;

Heat loss% = Mass of flue gas (Mf) X Cp X (Tf-Ta) X 100 / GCV of fuel

Where,

Mf = Mass of dry flue gas (kg/kg of fuel)

Cp = Specific heat of flue gas (kcal/kg°C)

Tf = Flue gas temperature (°C)

Ta = Ambient temperature (°C)

Dry flue gas loss increases as the mass of flue gas increases

This mass of flue gas increases due to;

Type of the fuel

More excess air

Over loading of the Boiler

High moisture content in the fuel: High moisture content fuel drag more air for combustion

Also dry flue gas loss increases as the temperature of the flue gas at APH outlet increases, this is mainly due to poor heat transfer in Economiser and APHs.

Let’s calculate heat loss due to dry flue gas in boilers with sample values:

Mf = 9 kg/kg fuel

Cp = 0.24 kcal/kg°C

Tf = 150°C

Ta = 28°C

GCV = 46000 kcal/kg

Heat loss% = Mass of flue gas (Mf) X Cp X (Tf-Ta) X 100 / GCV of fuel

Heat loss% = 9 X 0.24 X (150-28) X 100 / 4600

Heat loss% = 5.2%

A boiler of capacity 150 TPH, consumes coal of GCV 3900 kcal/kg at the rate of 45 TPH, a total combustion air of 350 TPH is being supplied to ensure complete combustion. Calculate the heat loss due to dry flue gas. Assume APH outlet flue gas temperature 150 deg C and Ambient air temperature 30 deg C.

Coal consumption; 45 TPH

Total combustion air = 350 TPH

Total flue gas generated = 350 + 45 = 395 TPH = 395/45 = 8.77 kg/kg of fuel

Note: Neglected ash percentage in coal

Heat loss% = 8.77 X 0.24 X (150-30) X 100 / 3900

Heat loss% = 6.47%

Dry Flue Gas Heat Loss Calculator

Mass of Fuel Burnt (kg/hr) Fuel GCV (kcal/kg) Flue Gas Temperature (°C) Ambient Temperature (°C)