Specific
Fuel Consumption (SFC) in Power Plants refers to the amount of
fuel required to generate a unit of energy output. It is a key performance
metric used to assess the efficiency of different power generation systems.
Specific fuel consumption (SFC)= Fuel consumption in kg/hr / Power generation in Kwh
Specific
fuel consumption (SFC)= Specific steam consumption (SSC) / Steam to fuel ratio (SFR)
Factors
affecting the Specific fuel consumption:
1-Steam
consumption of the Turbine: Higher steam consumption of steam Turbine leads
to more Specific fuel consumption (SFC).
2-Main
steam parameters like pressure & temperature: Should be always on higher side but
within design limit.
3-Boiler
efficiency: High efficiency boilers consumer lesser fuel and hence Specific fuel
consumption (SFC) will be on lower side.
4-Turbine
efficiency: High efficiency Turbines will have higher out put on lesser input, hence
Specific fuel consumption (SFC) of such Turbines is LESS
5-Fuel type
& quality: High GCV fuel firing power plants will have lesser Specific fuel
consumption (SFC).
6-Boiler
operator competency: Efficient Operation of the Boiler, Turbine and
other power plant equipment depends on the skill & competency of the
operators.
7-Plant
load factor: Operation of the Power plant units on higher loads or optimised loads
leads to lower Specific fuel consumption (SFC) & Vice Versa, that is
operation of plant on partial loads results into more fuel consumption and
hence leads in more Specific fuel consumption (SFC).
8-Atmospheric
conditions: Atmospheric conditions like temperature, pressure & humidity play a
very vital role on achieving best efficiency of power plant equipment.
Specific
fuel consumption (SFC) is also termed in terms of heat rate.
Heat rate =
Energy consumed in kcal/ Power generation
It is
measured in terms of kcal/kwh
Specific
fuel consumption (SFC) is different for different fuels, fuels having higher
heating value or calorific value will have lesser Specific fuel consumption
(SFC) & fuels having lower calorific value will have higher specific fuel
consumption.
It’s always
recommended that Specific fuel consumption (SFC) should LESS.
Power
plants having lesser Specific fuel consumption (SFC) are in more profit.
How
to calculate the specific fuel consumption???
Specific steam consumption (SSC) is the amount of
steam consumed by Turbine is always lesser to achieve lesser Specific fuel
consumption (SFC). It’s measured in kg/kwh or MT/MW.
Similarly, Stam to fuel ratio (SFR) is the amount of
steam generated on burning 1 MT or 1 Kg of fuel. It’s measured in kg/kg or
MT/MT.
Examples:
1-Calculate the specific steam
consumption of a 50 MW thermal power plant, which consumes around 960 MT of
coal to generate 1200 MW power.
Given data,
Power generation = 1200 MW
Fuel consumed = 960 MT
Specific
fuel consumption (SFC)= Fuel consumption in kg/hr / Power generation in Kwh
Specific
fuel consumption (SFC)= 960/1200 =0.8 kg/kwh or 0.8 MT/MW
2-A 225 MW
Thermal power plant’s steam turbines Specific steam consumption (SSC) is 3.5
MT/MW and it’s Boiler’s Steam to fuel ratio (SFR) is 4.5. Calculate the
specific steam consumption of that plant
Given data,
Specific
steam consumption (SSC) = 3.5
Stam to fuel ratio (SFR) = 4.5
Specific
fuel consumption (SFC)= Specific steam consumption (SSC) / Steam to fuel ratio (SFR)
Specific
fuel consumption (SFC)= 3.5/4.5 =0.78 Kg/kwh or 0.78 MT/MW
3-A
Boiler consumes 25 MT of bio mass to generate 55 MT of steam per hour at
pressure 67 kg/cm2 and temperature 490 deg C, which is used to run the 12 MW
condensing Turbine. What would be the specific fuel consumption of this plant?
Given data,
Fuel
consumption = 25 MT
Steam generated
= 50 TPH
Power
generation = 12 MW
Steam to
fuel ratio (SFR) = Steam generated per hour / Fuel consumed per hour
Steam to
fuel ratio (SFR) = 55 / 25 =2.2
Specific
steam consumption (SSC) = Steam consumption by Turbine TPH / Power generated in
MW
Specific
steam consumption (SSC) = 50 / 12
Specific
steam consumption (SSC) = 4.16 MT/MW
Specific
fuel consumption (SFC)= Specific steam consumption (SSC) / Steam to fuel ratio (SFR)
Specific
fuel consumption (SFC)= 4.16 / 2.2 =1.89 MT/MW
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