Top 30 Questions & Answers on ISO 45001:2018

 

Top 30 Questions & Answers on ISO 45001:2018

1. What is the significance to implement ISO45001:2018?

ISO 45001 is an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a framework to improve employee safety, reduce workplace risks and create better, safer working conditions.

2. When was ISO 45001:2018 introduced?

It was introduced in March-2028

3. What are the advantages of ISO45001:2018?

1. Identify and control health and safety risks

2. Reduce the potential for accidents

3. Aid legal compliance

4. Improve overall OHS performance

5. OHSMS helps to sustain the OHS performance of an organization

6. OHSMS provides a sense of confidence in its interested parties, such as the Government, Stake Holders, Customers, Local Community, among others.

4. What is meant by PDCA cycle?

It’s Plan-D0-Check-Act cycle

5. How ISO45001:2018 different than OHSAS 18001:2007?

1. High level structure

2. Business context and strategic planning 

3. Workers and other interested parties

4. Risk and opportunity management

5. Leadership and management commitment

6. Objectives and performance

7. Management of change

8. Extended requirements related to;

Participation, consultation, and participation of workers, Communication, Procurement, including outsourced processes and contractors

6. How many clauses are there in ISO 45001:2018

10 Nos of main clauses are there in ISO45001:2018

7. What are the 10 clauses of ISO 45001:20218?

Clause-1: Scope-Sub clauses: 4 Nos (1.1 to 1.4)

Clause-2: Narrative references

Clause-3: Terms & definitions, sub clauses: 7 Nos (3.1 to 3.7)

Clause-4: Context of the organization, Sub clauses: 4 Nos (4.1 to 4.4)

Clause-5: Leadership and Worker Participation, Sub clauses: 4 Nos (5.1 to 5.4)

Clause-6: Planning, sub clauses:2 Nos (6.1 to 6.2)

Clause-7: Support, sub clauses 2 Nos (7.1 to 7.5)

Clause-8: Operation, sub clauses 2 Nos (8.1 to 8.2)

Clause-9: Performance Evaluation, sub clauses: 3 Nos (9.1 to 9.3)

Clause-10: Improvement, sub clauses: 3 Nos (10.1 to 10.3)

8. Define the following terms as per ISO 45001:2018 clause No.3?

Clause No.3.1 Worker:

3.1 Worker

Person performing work or work-related activities under the control of the organization.

3.2 Workplace

Place under the control of the organization where a person needs to be or to go for work purposes

3.3 Competence

Ability to apply knowledge and skills to achieve intended results

3.4 Injury and Ill Health

Adverse effect on the physical, mental or cognitive condition of a person

3.5 Hazard

Source with a potential to cause injury and ill health

3.6   Risk

It is the Effect of uncertainty.

3.7 Incident

Occurrence arising out of, or during, work that could or does result in injury and ill health

Read more>>>>questions & answers on power plant safety

9. As per clause No.4 of ISO 45001, who are the external interested parties of an organisation?

1. Main external parties of an organisation are;

2. Customers

3. Suppliers

4. Vendors

5. Bank

6. Insurance companies

7. Public

8. Emergency responders

9. Tie up hospitals

10. Media

11. Competitors

10. As per clause No.4 of ISO 45001, who are the internal interested parties of an organisation?

1. Employees/Staff

2. Union

3. Share holders

11. How does the internal issues affect OH Management?

Ø  Type of activities carried out (exposure to hazardous chemical, physical, or biological agents)

Ø  Work and employment practices (organizational change, contractual conditions, workload, ergonomics)

Ø  Workforce characteristics (number, experience, age of workers, diversity)

Ø  Location (activity locations, OH&S factors such as extremes of temperatures among others)

12. What the clause No.5 states as per ISO 45001: 2018?

Clause No.5 states the leadership?

13. What are the responsibilities of Leader as per sub clause 5.1 Leadership & commitment?

Ø  Ensuring OH&S policy and objectives are established and are compatible with the strategic direction and the context of the organization.

Ø  Ensuring the integration of the OHSMS requirements into business

Ø  Ensuring that the resources of needed for OHSMS

Ø  Ensuring that the OHSMS achieves its intended outcomes

Ø  Directing & supporting persons to contribute to the OHSMS

Ø  Communicate the importance of effective EMS

Ø  Support other relevant management roles and promote improvement

14. What the Policy as per clause 5.1 must include?

Policy of any organisation should include the commitment to;

Ø  Provide safe and healthy working conditions for the prevention of work-related injury and ill health

Ø  Compliance of legal requirements and other requirement eliminate hazards and reduce OH&S risks

Ø  Consultation and participation of workers and their representatives

Ø  Training & Continual improvement

15. Which clause of ISO45001: 2018 incudes roles & responsibilities of employees?

Clause No. 5.3

16. What does the clause No.5.4 state as per ISO 45001: 2018?

Clause No.5.4 states that; Consultation & Partition of workers

17. Define the term opportunity as per per ISO 45001: 2018

Opportunity: A positive deviation arising from a risk can provide an opportunity but not all positive effects of risk results in opportunity.

Opportunities can arise as a result of a situation favourable to achieve an intended result. For example, a set of circumstances that allow the organization to:

Ø  Enhance OHS performance

Ø  Reduce risk

Ø  Eliminate hazards

Ø  Risks and opportunities need to be addressed to:

Ø  Give assurance that the OHSMS can achieve its intended outcomes

Ø  Prevent or reduce undesired effects

Ø  Achieve continual improvement

Ø  Determine Potential emergency situations (those can have an OH&S impact)

18. Why do the risk & opportunities should be addressed as per ISO 45001: 2018?

Risks and opportunities need to be addressed to:

Ø  Give assurance that the OHSMS can achieve its intended outcomes

Ø  Prevent or reduce undesired effects

Ø  Achieve continual improvement

Ø  Determine Potential emergency situations (those can have an OH&S impact)

19. Elaborate some opportunities to improve OH&S performance?

Examples of opportunities to improve OH&S performance: 

Ø  Inspection and auditing functions

Ø  Job hazard analysis (Job Safety Analysis) and task-related assessments

Ø  Improving OH&S performance by alleviating monotonous work or work at a potentially hazardous pre-determined work rate

Ø  Permit to work and other recognition and control methods

Ø  Incident or nonconformity investigations and corrective actions 

Ø  Ergonomic and other injury prevention-related assessments

20. Explain the Hierarchy of Controls as per ISO 45001: 2018

Hierarchy of Controls for Hazards & risks is as below;

Ø  Elimination: Eliminate the hazard. For example, repair damaged equipment or replace.

Ø  Substitution: Find out the other machine or equipment which can fulfil your demand

Ø  Engineering Control: Modify the machine to eliminate hazards, apply automation, use protections etc.

Ø  Administrative Controls: Adopting safe work practices, job rotation, providing appropriate training, instruction, and information.

Ø  Personal Protective Equipment: Use personal protective equipment. For example, safety shoes, gloves, and others

21. What factors should be considered while planning OHS objectives?

Ø  What will be done

Ø  What resources will be required

Ø  Who will be responsible

Ø  When it will be completed

Ø  How the results will be evaluated

22. What does the clause no.7 states in ISO 45001: 2018?

It states the ‘support’ to implement ISO 45001: 2018 or to achieve planned goals

23. What are the supports required to implement ISO 45001: 2018?

Read more>>>>>questions & answers on power plant safety

Clause No.7.1: Resources: Internal resources, External providers, People, Infrastructure & Monitoring and measuring resources (calibrated/verified or both).

Clause No.7.2: Competence

Ø  Determine competence of person performing the work that affects its OHS performance and its ability to fulfil its compliance obligations.

Ø  Individuals shall be competent based on appropriate education, training, or experience.

Ø  Determine training needs associated with its hazards and OH&S.

Ø  Take actions to acquire the necessary competence. Evaluate the effectiveness of these actions.

Ø  Retain records of competence.

Clause No.7.3: Awareness

Ø  Working individuals shall be aware of the following parameters:

Ø  OH&S Policy

Ø  Significant OH&S Hazards & Risks

Ø  Their contribution in OH&S

Ø  Benefits of enhanced OHS performance

Ø  Amplification of not conforming with OHSMS requirements & non-fulfilling compliance obligation

Ø  Ability to remove themselves from work situations

24. What does the Clause 7.4 states?

It’s related to communication for internal and external communications relevant to the OHSMS.

25. What does the Clause 7.5 states?

ISO45001: 2018 clause no.7.5 states that Documented information & its control. OH&S includes documented information, which is required by this international standard. It is determined by the organization as being necessary for the effectiveness of the OHSMS. Perform appropriate review and approval for suitability and adequacy

26. What is the clause No.8 in ISO 45001: 2018?

It is operation planning and control

27. What is the significance of clause No.8 operation planning and control in ISO 45001: 2018?

It helps in;

Ø  Establishing operating criteria for the processes
Ø  Implementing control of the processes
Ø  Controls include engineering controls and procedures
Ø  Ensuring outsourced processes are controlled or influenced
Ø  Determining, assess, and eliminate hazards & Reduce OH&S risks associated with Products and services
Ø  Safe installation & commissioning of equipment etc
Ø  Identifies the hazards; assess and control the OH&S risks arising form contractors’ activities or impacting contractors
Ø  Defines and apply occupational health and safety criteria for the selection of contractors
Ø  Verification of contractor’s experience & education qualification, equipment & other resources used
Ø  Checks the The ability of the external organization to meet our OH&S management system requirements.
Ø  Verifies the Technical competence of the external organization to define appropriate controls or assess the adequacy of controls.

28. What does the clause 8.2 on Emergency preparedness plan state?

Processes need to prepare and respond to potential emergency situations and perform the following tasks:

Ø  Prevent or mitigate adverse OH&S impacts from emergency situations

Ø  Respond to emergency situations

Ø  Prevent or mitigate the consequences of emergency situations

Ø  Test the planned responses periodically

Ø  Review and revise processes and planned responses periodically

Ø  Provide relevant information and training for emergency preparedness and response

Ø  Maintain documented information on these processes

29. What are the different type of emergencies that can be expected in any organisation?

ü  Fire incidence

ü  Explosion

ü  Structure collapse

ü  Electrical short circuit

ü  Steam line burst

ü  Hot water line burst

ü  Snake bite

ü  Monkey attack etc

30. In which clause of ISO 45001: 2018 requirement of instruments calibration is mentioned?

In clause No.9.1 of ISO 45001: 2018

31. Which clause of ISO 45001: 2018 includes incident investigation & corrective actions related tasks?

Clause No.10.2

Visit >>>>>power plant and calculations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Why do U loop is provided in 1st stage ejector drain lines?

 Why do U loop is provided in 1^st stage ejector drain line and float trap in 2^nd stage ejector drain line???

Pressure difference between first stage ejector condenser also called inter condenser and surface condensers about 0.25-0.35 kg/cm2 or 2.5 to 3.5 meter water head.In between 2nd stage ejector & surface condenser the pressure difference is so less that no other economic equipment is available other than U loop for sealing.

 

Further, pressure difference between 2^nd stage and surface condenser is around 0.85 to 1 kg/cm2, so there we can use float type condensate trap.This will  help in sealing for two different pressure & discharging of condensate

 

Other functions of U loop in ejectors

Read more>>>Why do U loop is provided gland steam condensers??

 

U-loops, or U-bends, are provided in ejector drain lines primarily for the following reasons:

 

1-Trap Formation:The U-loop acts as a trap to prevent back flow of gases or liquids. This is crucial in ensuring that the fluid or gas being ejected does not re-enter the system, which can lead to contamination or inefficiency.

 

2-Seal Creation:The U-bend helps to maintain a liquid seal. This seal can block the passage of vapors or gases, ensuring that they are properly vented or drained away from the system.

 

3-Pressure Management:In some systems, U-loops can help manage pressure differentials. They can serve as a barrier to equalize pressure between different sections of the system, preventing sudden pressure changes that might cause operational issues.

 

4-Thermal Expansion Accommodation:The U-loop can accommodate thermal expansion and contraction of the piping system. This flexibility helps to prevent stress and potential damage to the pipes due to temperature changes.

 

5-Maintenance and Inspection:U-loops can also facilitate easier maintenance and inspection. They provide a convenient location for installing inspection points, drains, or clean-out connections.

 

6-Trap Debris: U-loops can help in trapping debris and preventing it from entering the downstream components. This helps in maintaining the efficiency and longevity of the equipment.

 

7-Noise Reduction: The liquid seal in the U-loop can also act as a buffer to reduce noise and vibrations that might be transmitted through the piping system.

 

8-Pressure Regulation: U-loops can help in regulating pressure changes within the drain line. This can be important in systems where pressure fluctuations might otherwise cause operational issues.

Why do we exhaust gland steam in a second stage inter condenser and not in the main condenser?

There are three major reasons;

1-The gland steam system handles leakage steam from the turbine shaft seals, which prevents air from entering the turbine casing.

2-If this steam were exhausted directly into the main condenser, it could carry air and non-condensate gases, reducing the vacuum efficiency and lowering turbine performance.

3-The second-stage inter condenser removes these gases before they enter the main condenser, helping maintain optimal vacuum conditions.

Read more on>>>>>>powerplant and calculations

Why gland sealing is provided in steam Turbines??

 Significance of steam Turbine gland sealing system

 

 

A turbine gland sealing system is an integral part of steam turbine operation, essential for maintaining efficiency, protecting critical components, and ensuring safe operation.

 

Functions of gland sealing system:

 

Preventing Steam Leakage: 

The primary function is to prevent steam from leaking out of the turbine casing at the points where the rotating shaft exits the casing. This ensures the turbine operates efficiently by maintaining steam pressure and preventing energy losses.

 

Protecting Bearings:

 

It prevents steam from entering the bearing housing, which could lead to lubrication issues and potential bearing damage.

 

Maintaining Vacuum:

In condensing turbines, it helps maintain the vacuum in the condenser by preventing air from leaking into the system.

 

What are the components of gland sealing system???

 

Labyrinth Seals: These are non-contacting seals that use a series of ridges and grooves to restrict steam flow. They are effective at high speeds and temperatures.

 

Carbon Ring Seals:These seals consist of segmented carbon rings that provide a tighter seal than labyrinth seals, often used in low-pressure applications.

 

Steam Seal Regulator: This component regulates the amount of sealing steam supplied to the seals, ensuring an optimal balance between sealing effectiveness and steam consumption.

 

Sealing Steam Supply and Exhaust System:This includes the piping and control systems that manage the flow of sealing steam to and from the turbine gland areas.

 

Operation of the Gland sealing system:

 

Sealing steam is typically extracted from an intermediate stage of the turbine or through PRDSH station. It is introduced into the gland areas at a controlled pressure around  0.1 to 0.2 kg/cm2.

 

At HP side sealing steam helps to seal the glands there by preventing leakage of steam from inside to outside, whereas in LP side it prevents the ingress of atmospheric air in gland sealing system.

 

Any leakage past the seals is collected and returned to the condenser or reintroduced into the steam cycle, minimizing waste.

 

Why do U loop is provided in Gland sealing steam condenser drain lines?

 

Generally gland seal condensate drains are left to condenser hot well. The pressure difference in the condenser & gland sealing is very less, in order to seal this a small U seal say around 500 mm to 2 meters is provided in gland steam condenser drains.The U-loop helps maintain the necessary pressure differential across the gland seal system. By trapping condensate, it creates a barrier that ensures the pressure in the gland seal system is properly managed, which is critical for the system's efficiency and performance

 

Also U loop performs following functions.

 

The U-loop acts as a water seal to prevent steam or air from the gland seal system from flowing back into the drain line, which could lead to inefficiencies or potential damage to the system.

 

In systems where the condenser operates under a vacuum, the U-loop acts as a barrier to prevent air from being drawn into the system. Air ingress can reduce the efficiency of the condenser and the overall steam cycle.

Read more>>>>Why do U loop is provided in 1^st stage ejector drain line and float trap in 2^nd stage ejector drain line???

 

The U-loop ensures that condensate is drained in a controlled manner, preventing sudden surges of water that could potentially cause damage to downstream components or lead to operational issues.

 

The U-loop provides some flexibility for thermal expansion and contraction of the drain line. This reduces the risk of mechanical stress and potential failure of the piping due to temperature changes.

 

Read more>>>>powerplant and calculations

 

What is the dew point of compressed air???

 

In compressed air dryers, the dew point is a critical parameter to monitor and control. The dew point refers to the temperature at which moisture begins to condense out of the air as it is cooled. In the context of compressed air dryers, achieving a low dew point is essential to prevent moisture from causing damage to downstream equipment and processes.

 There are different types of compressed air dryers, such as refrigerated dryers, desiccant dryers, and membrane dryers, each with its own method of reducing the dew point:

 

Refrigerated Dryers:

 These cool the compressed air to reduce its temperature, causing the moisture to condense out and be drained away. The dew point achieved by refrigerated dryers typically ranges from 35°F to 50°F (1.7°C to 10°C).

 Desiccant Dryers:

 These use adsorbent materials such as silica gel or activated alumina to adsorb moisture from the compressed air. They can achieve much lower dew points, typically ranging from -40°F to -100°F (-40°C to -73°C), depending on the design and operating conditions.

 Membrane Dryers:

 These use a permeable membrane to selectively remove water vapor from the compressed air stream. They can achieve dew points ranging from -40°F to -100°F (-40°C to -73°C), similar to desiccant dryers.

 Monitoring and controlling the dew point in compressed air systems is crucial for maintaining the quality of the compressed air and preventing issues such as corrosion, contamination, and freezing in downstream equipment and processes. Instruments such as dew point sensors are used to measure the dew point accurately, allowing operators to adjust dryer settings as needed to achieve the desired dew point level.

 The recommended dew point temperature for compressed air depends on the specific application and industry standards. Different industries and applications have varying requirements for compressed air quality. Here are some general guidelines:

 ISO 8573 is an international standard that specifies compressed air quality classes based on particle concentration, oil content, and dew point temperature. The standard outlines different classes for various applications, ranging from Class 0 (the highest quality) to Class 6 (the lowest quality). Each class has specific limits for dew point temperature. For critical applications such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, electronics manufacturing, and certain types of machinery, lower dew point temperatures are typically required to prevent moisture-related issues.

For general industrial applications where moisture-sensitive equipment is not a concern, a dew point of around 35°F to 50°F (1.7°C to 10°C) may be sufficient.

For more demanding applications such as pneumatic control systems, painting processes, or instrument air in laboratories, dew points of around 35°F (1.7°C) or lower may be necessar.

In highly sensitive industries like pharmaceutical manufacturing or electronics assembly, dew points as low as -40°F (-40°C) or lower may be required to prevent contamination or damage to products and equipment.

Environmental factors such as ambient temperature and humidity levels can influence the dew point requirements. In hot and humid environments, lower dew points may be necessary to prevent condensation in the compressed air distribution system.

Calculating the dew point temperature of an air dryer involves understanding the operating principles of the dryer and the conditions of the compressed air being processed. There are several methods to calculate or estimate the dew point temperature, depending on the type of air dryer being used:

For refrigerated dryers, the dew point temperature can be estimated based on the design of the dryer and the temperature of the cooling medium (usually refrigerant).The dew point temperature achieved by a refrigerated dryer typically ranges from 35°F to 50°F (1.7°C to 10°C). It's often close to the outlet temperature of the refrigerated air.

Desiccant dryers adsorb moisture from the compressed air using a material like silica gel or activated alumina. The dew point temperature achieved by a desiccant dryer depends on factors such as the type and condition of the desiccant material, the design of the dryer, and the operating conditions.

The dew point can be calculated based on the inlet conditions of the compressed air (temperature and relative humidity), the type of desiccant used, and the design parameters of the dryer.However, precise calculation may require complex modeling or simulation.

The most accurate way to determine the dew point temperature of an air dryer is to use a dew point sensor.These sensors measure the moisture content of the air directly and provide real-time dew point readings. They are commonly used in industrial applications to monitor and control the performance of air dryers.

 

In practice, the dew point temperature of an air dryer is often monitored using a dew point sensor rather than calculated manually.

 For more>>>>>read>>>powerplant and calculations